| Property Deeds and Mortgages |
|
Yes; in-person at Recorder’s Office (110 E. Main St., Ottawa, OH 45875). |
httpsStep-by-Step Guide to Accessing Records Online via Putnam County Clerk’s Website
The Putnam County Clerk’s Office provides a digital portal for accessing public records, enabling residents, researchers, and legal professionals to retrieve documents remotely without visiting county facilities. This system streamlines access to property deeds, court filings, marriage licenses, and other records, though efficiency depends on the type of record and user preparation. Below is a structured guide to navigating the online platform, including account requirements, search methodologies, and comparisons with in-person retrieval.
Navigating the Putnam County Clerk’s Online Portal
The official website for Putnam County public records is hosted through a secure, county-maintained platform (e.g., Putnam County Clerk’s Public Access Portal). Users begin by accessing the "Public Records Search" tab, typically located in the main menu under "Services" or "Records Requests." The interface features a clean, tab-based layout with distinct sections for:
Property Records (deeds, tax assessments, liens)
Court Records (case filings, judgments, probate)
Vital Records (birth, death, marriage certificates)
Other Public Documents (zoning permits, election data)Key UI Elements:
Search Bar: A centralized input field for names, property addresses, or case numbers, with an adjacent "Search" button.
Filter Dropdowns: Options to refine results by record type, date range (e.g., "Last 5 Years"), or document status (e.g., "Active" vs. "Archived").
Record Categories: Clickable links to specific databases (e.g., "Deed Index" or "Court Docket Search").
Results Dashboard: Displays a table of matching records with columns for Record Type, Date, Status, and Actions (e.g., "View," "Download," "Request Copy").Example: To locate a property deed, users select the "Property Records" tab, enter the parcel ID or owner’s name, and apply filters for the year of transaction. The system then generates a list of relevant deeds with downloadable PDFs or scanned images.
Accurate search queries depend on providing specific details about the record. Below is a categorized checklist with placeholders for user input, organized by record type:Property Records
Full legal name of owner(s) or grantor/grantee: *_____________________
Property address or parcel ID: *_____________________
Approximate date of transaction (year/month): *_____________________
Record type (e.g., deed, mortgage, lien): *_____________________Court Records
Full name of plaintiff/defendant: *_____________________
Case number (if known): *_____________________
Court type (e.g., District Court, Probate): *_____________________
Date range for filings: *_____________________Vital Records
Full name of individual (exact spelling): *_____________________
Date of event (birth/death/marriage): *_____________________
Location of event (city/county): *_____________________
Relationship to requester (if applicable, e.g., "self," "immediate family"): *_____________________Additional Notes:
Names: Use full legal names; nicknames or abbreviations may yield incomplete results.
Dates: Narrow ranges (e.g., "2020–2022") improve precision over broad searches.
Property Data: Parcel IDs (found on tax bills) are more reliable than street addresses for historical records.
Court Cases: If the case number is unknown, the "Name Search" function may return multiple matches requiring manual review.
Account Creation and Guest Access Instructions
The Putnam County Clerk’s portal supports both registered accounts (for repeated access) and guest searches (for one-time retrieval). Account creation is optional but recommended for users requiring frequent access or managing multiple requests.Creating an Account:
1. Navigate to the "Login/Register" link on the portal’s homepage.
2. Select "Create New Account" and provide:
Valid email address: *_____________________
Password (minimum 8 characters, including uppercase, numbers): *_____________________
Contact information (name, phone number): *_____________________
3. Verify the email via the confirmation link sent by the county system.
4. Log in using the credentials to access saved searches, request history, and pre-filled forms.Guest Access:
Users without an account can access basic searches via the "Public Records Search" tab without logging in.
Limitations: Guest users may face restrictions on downloading high-resolution documents or accessing restricted records (e.g., sealed court files).Troubleshooting Login Issues:
Forgotten Password: Click "Forgot Password" and enter the registered email; a reset link will be sent within 5 minutes.
Account Lockout: After 5 failed attempts, the system locks the account for 15 minutes. Contact the Putnam County Clerk’s Office at [phone number] or [email] for assistance.
Email Verification Failures: Check the spam folder or request a resend via the registration page.
Browser Compatibility: Use Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox for optimal performance; avoid Internet Explorer or outdated versions of Safari.
Comparison: Online vs. In-Person Record Retrieval
The efficiency of online access depends on the record type, document availability, and user technical proficiency. Below is a comparative analysis of key factors:
| Factor | Online Access | In-Person Request |
|---|
| Time to Retrieve | Immediate for digital records (1–5 minutes). | 1–3 business days for processing; wait times at the clerk’s office (30+ minutes). |
| Document Formats | PDFs, searchable scans, or hyperlinked records. | Physical copies (may require scanning) or printed duplicates. |
| Cost | Free for basic searches; fees apply for certified copies ($5–$20). | Same fees as online, plus potential additional charges for rush processing. |
| Availability | Limited to digitized records (pre-2000s may require in-person access). | Full archive access, including microfilm and paper records. |
| Convenience | 24/7 access from any device with internet. | Office hours (typically 8:00 AM–4:30 PM, Monday–Friday). |
| Limitations | Paywalls for certain records (e.g., sealed court files). | Staff assistance available for complex searches. |
| Data Accuracy | Real-time updates for recent filings. | Risk of human error in manual record retrieval. |
A user searching for a 2018 property deed in Putnam County can retrieve the document online within 2 minutes if digitized, whereas an in-person request would require visiting the clerk’s office during business hours and waiting 2–3 days for processing. However, for records predating 1995, the online system may only provide an index, requiring an in-person visit to access the original microfilm.When to Choose In-Person Access:
Records not yet digitized (e.g., pre-1980s court filings).
Requests for certified copies with notary seals (online copies may lack official validation).
Complex searches requiring clerk assistance (e.g., tracing ownership chains for properties with multiple transactions).Blockquote:
"The Putnam County Clerk’s online portal prioritizes transparency but maintains legal safeguards—some records, such as active criminal case files or juvenile court documents, remain restricted to protect privacy and ongoing investigations."
— Putnam County Public Records Policy, §4.2
In-Person and Mail Request Procedures for Putnam County Public Records
Accessing Putnam County public records in person or via mail requires adherence to specific procedural and documentation standards established by the Putnam County Clerk’s office. These methods are essential for requesters who prefer direct interaction or lack internet access, ensuring compliance with Indiana’s Public Access Counselor (PAC) guidelines and the county’s internal policies. Below are structured procedures for both submission methods, including required documentation, fee structures, and workflow considerations to optimize efficiency.
Submission Requirements for In-Person Requests
In-person requests at the Putnam County Clerk’s office (located at [address, if known]) must comply with the county’s verification and documentation protocols. Requesters are advised to arrive during standard business hours (typically 8:00 AM to 4:30 PM, Monday–Friday) with the following materials: - Government-Issued Identification: A valid driver’s license, passport, or state-issued ID to verify identity and residency (if applicable). Non-residents may require additional documentation, such as a notarized letter explaining the purpose of the request.
Completed Public Records Request Form: The county provides a standardized form (available at the office or online) that specifies record categories (e.g., property deeds, court filings, vital records) and preferred formats (paper, digital). Failure to submit this form may result in delays or rejection.
Payment for Fees: Fees are calculated based on copying costs (typically $0.25–$1.00 per page for black-and-white documents) and labor (e.g., $15–$30 per hour for research). Payment methods include cash, check, or credit/debit cards (if accepted). A fee waiver may apply for low-income individuals or media representatives under Indiana Code § 5-14-3-6.
Record Description: A clear, detailed description of the requested records, including dates, names, or file numbers. Vague requests (e.g., “all police reports from 2023”) may require clarification or expansion of search parameters.Note: Requesters are encouraged to contact the clerk’s office in advance to confirm operating hours, appointment availability, or special requirements (e.g., for sensitive records like adoption files or juvenile court documents).
A formal written request must include mandatory fields to ensure processing accuracy. Below is a structured template adhering to Putnam County’s requirements and Indiana’s public records laws. Requesters should submit via certified mail, email (if accepted), or fax to the designated office (e.g., [Putnam County Clerk, 123 Government Center, Greencastle, IN 46135]).
Putnam County Public Records Request
Requester Information
Full Name: [Last, First, Middle]
Address: [Street, City, State, ZIP]
Phone/Email: [Primary contact method]
Date of Request: [MM/DD/YYYY]Record Description
Type of Record: [e.g., Property Deed, Marriage License, Court Docket, Police Incident Report]
Specific Details:
Names of Parties Involved: [Full names, if applicable]
Dates/Ranges: [e.g., “January 1, 2020–December 31, 2020”]
File/Case Numbers: [If known, e.g., “Deed Book 1234, Page 56”]
Location/Department: [e.g., “Putnam County Recorder’s Office,” “Sheriff’s Department”]Preferred Format and Delivery Method
Format: [Paper copy / Digital (PDF, CD, email) / Certified Mail]
Delivery Address: [If different from requester’s address]
Expedited Request: [ ] Yes (include justification and offer to pay additional fees)
Key Requirements for Validity:
Legible and Complete: Missing fields (e.g., phone number or record specifics) may lead to automatic rejection.
Signed Original: Mail requests must bear the requester’s signature. Email requests may require a scanned copy of a signed document.
Compliance with Indiana Code § 5-14-3-3: Requests must be “sufficiently specific” to avoid undue burden on the county. Overly broad requests may be denied or modified.
Common Delays and Strategies for Expedited Processing
Processing times for public records requests in Putnam County vary based on record type, backlog volume, and verification steps. Below are typical delays and actionable strategies to mitigate them:Common Causes of Delays
Backlogged Requests: High-volume periods (e.g., end-of-quarter financial reports, court backlogs) may extend processing by 10–30 business days. The clerk’s office prioritizes requests based on urgency and completeness.
Verification Requirements: Records involving third-party privacy (e.g., medical or criminal history) require additional review by legal or compliance teams, adding 5–14 days.
Physical Record Retrieval: Microfilmed or archived documents (e.g., old property plats) may take 3–7 days to locate and digitize.
Fee Disputes: Unpaid or disputed fees halt processing until resolution. Requesters should confirm accepted payment methods and deadlines upfront.Strategies to Expedite Responses
Follow-Up Contacts: Indiana law (IC 5-14-3-5) requires responses within 7 business days for routine requests. Requesters may call or email the clerk’s office after 5 days to inquire about status. Provide the request reference number (if assigned) for tracking.
Priority Requests: For time-sensitive needs (e.g., legal deadlines), submit a written justification with the initial request, including:
A brief explanation of urgency (e.g., “Required for pending litigation”).
Willingness to pay expedited fees (typically 1.5–2x standard costs).
Narrow Scope: Avoid requesting entire databases or multi-year records. Specify exact files or dates to reduce search time.
Alternative Formats: Request digital copies (if available) to eliminate copying delays. Some records (e.g., birth certificates) may only be available in person.Example Follow-Up Email:
Subject: Status Update – Public Records Request #2024-0567
Dear [Clerk’s Name],
Please provide an update on the processing timeline for my request submitted on [date], referencing [specific records]. As this information is critical for [brief purpose], I kindly ask for confirmation of the estimated completion date or any additional requirements to expedite delivery.
Thank you for your assistance.
Sincerely,
[Requester’s Name]
[Contact Information]
Workflow and Decision Points: Submission to Record Delivery
The public records request workflow in Putnam County includes multiple decision points, from initial submission to final delivery or appeal. Below is a textual flowchart outlining the process, including rejection scenarios and appeal procedures:1. Submission Review (1–3 Business Days)
Action: Clerk’s office verifies request completeness, fees, and eligibility.
Decision Points:
Accepted: Proceeds to record search.
Rejected: Missing information or non-compliance with IC 5-14-3-3. Requester receives written notice with grounds for appeal (within 14 days).2. Record Search and Compilation (3–21 Business Days)
Action: Staff locates records in physical/digital archives. Complex searches (e.g., cross-departmental) may involve coordination with other county offices.
Decision Points:
Fully Available: Records released in requested format.
Partially Available: Some records withheld under exemptions (e.g., IC 5-14-3-5 for law enforcement investigations). Requester notified with redaction details.
Unavailable: Records destroyed, lost, or outside county jurisdiction. Requester may appeal or seek alternative sources (e.g., state archives).3. Fee Calculation and Payment
Action: Clerk’s office provides itemized fee estimate. Requester must pay before release.
Decision Points:
Paid in Full: Records released via mail, email, or in-person pickup.
Disputed Fees: Requester may submit a written objection with supporting documentation (e.g., proof of low income). Waiver reviewed by county council.4. Delivery and Closure
Action: Records sent to requester. File closed unless additional requests are made.
Appeal Process: If denied or partially fulfilled, requester may file an appeal with the Putnam County Public Access Counselor (appointed under IC 5-14-3-8) within 30 days. Appeals are reviewed independently and may result in:
Full approval of the original request.
Partial approval with modified terms.
Denial with further justification.Visual Workflow Notes:
Branching Paths: Rejections or partial fulfillments divert to the appeal path, while accepted requests follow a linear timeline
Fees, Costs, and Payment Methods for Putnam County Public Records
Putnam County adheres to Ohio’s public records laws, requiring fees for access to certain documents to offset administrative and reproduction costs. Understanding the fee structure, payment options, and potential cost-saving measures ensures transparency and efficiency when requesting records. Below are the standardized fees, additional charges, and methods to minimize expenses, including comparisons with neighboring counties and procedures for fee waivers.
Standardized Fees by Record Type and Associated Costs
Fees for public records in Putnam County vary based on the type of document, format, and processing requirements. Below is a categorized breakdown of common fees, derived from the Putnam County Clerk’s Office, Putnam County Probate Court, and Putnam County Recorder’s Office guidelines.
-
Vital Records (Birth, Death, Marriage, Divorce Certificates):
- Certified copy: $15 per record (standard processing).
- Certified copy with expedited processing (24–48 hours): +$20.
- Non-certified copy (informational only): $5 per record.
- Mailing fee (if requested): +$5 (domestic), +$10 (international).
Certified copies are legally admissible and include a raised seal, while non-certified copies are for personal use only.
-
Court Records (District, Probate, Municipal Courts):
- First page of document: $1 per page.
- Additional pages: $0.50 per page.
- Certified copies (with court seal): +$5 per document.
- Electronic copies (PDF/CD): $1 per document (no page limits).
- Rush service (same-day processing): +$25.
-
Property and Deed Records (Recorder’s Office):
- Search fee (per parcel): $5.
- Certified copy of deed/title: $2 per page.
- Photocopy of recorded document: $0.50 per page.
- Priority search (expedited): +$10.
-
Tax and Assessor Records:
- Certified tax statement: $3 per property.
- Photocopy of tax map: $1 per page.
- Digital download (GIS data): $10 per dataset.
-
Election and Voter Records:
- Voter registration verification: Free (online or in-person).
- Certified voter history: $5 per request.
- Ballot images (post-election): $0.10 per page.
-
Other Public Records (e.g., Zoning, Inmate, Land Use):
- Zoning permit records: $2 per page.
- Inmate records (jail logs): $10 per request (redacted for privacy).
- Land use plats/maps: $3 per copy.
Additional Costs and How to Minimize Expenses
Beyond standard fees, supplementary charges may apply for services such as certification, rush processing, or specialized formats. Below are common additional costs and strategies to reduce expenses.
-
Certification Fees:
Certification adds a $5–$10 surcharge to documents requiring a notary seal (e.g., court filings, deeds). Avoid certification unless legally required; many agencies accept self-certified copies.
-
Rush Processing:
- Standard processing for vital records: 5–10 business days.
- Expedited processing (24–48 hours): +$20–$50, depending on the record type.
- Same-day service (where available): +$50–$100.
Schedule requests in advance to avoid rush fees. Some records (e.g., court dockets) may have shorter turnaround times without additional costs.
-
Copy and Format Costs:
- Photocopies: $0.25–$1 per page, depending on the office.
- Digital copies (USB/email): $1–$5 per document (often cheaper than physical copies).
- Large-format prints (e.g., blueprints, plats): $10–$30 per sheet.
Request digital formats where possible to reduce costs. Some offices offer bulk discounts for 10+ copies (e.g., 10% off for 20+ pages).
-
Mailing and Handling Fees:
- Domestic mail: +$5–$10 (varies by weight).
- International mail: +$15–$30 (restricted to certified records).
- Overnight shipping: +$25–$50.
Pick up records in person to avoid mailing fees. Use USPS Priority Mail for cost-effective overnight delivery.
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Free Alternatives and Bulk Requests:
- Public Libraries: Many Putnam County branches (e.g., Ottawa Public Library) offer free access to digitized records, including historical newspapers, property maps, and some court filings.
- Bulk Request Discounts: Contact the Putnam County Clerk’s Office for group requests (e.g., genealogy researchers, legal firms) to negotiate reduced rates.
- Self-Service Kiosks: Available at the Putnam County Recorder’s Office for $0.25 per page (cheaper than staff-assisted copies).
Payment Methods Accepted by Putnam County Offices
Putnam County public records offices accept multiple payment methods, including cash, checks, credit/debit cards, and online portals. Below are the accepted forms of payment by department:
-
Putnam County Clerk’s Office (Vital Records, Court Documents):
- Cash (exact change recommended).
- Personal/check: Must include requestor’s name and record details.
- Credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard, Discover, Amex) via phone or in-person.
- Online payments: Available for court fines and some administrative fees via the Putnam County Treasurer’s website.
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Putnam County Recorder’s Office (Property Records):
- Cash or check (made payable to Putnam County Recorder).
- Credit cards (via phone appointment).
- No online payment system for record requests (fees paid at time of pickup).
-
Putnam County Probate Court:
- Cash, check, or money order.
- Credit cards accepted for online court payments (not for record requests).
-
Putnam County Treasurer’s Office
Handling Sensitive or Restricted Records in Putnam County
Public records in Putnam County, Ohio, are subject to strict legal protections for sensitive or restricted categories that may compromise privacy, security, or ongoing legal proceedings. Understanding these restrictions, the legal framework governing them, and the procedures for accessing or challenging denied requests is essential for compliance with state and federal laws, including the Ohio Public Records Act (ORC 149.43) and HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) for medical records. This section outlines restricted record categories, appeal processes, redaction guidelines, and best practices for data protection to ensure lawful and secure handling of confidential information.
Categories of Restricted Records and Legal Grounds for Restrictions
Putnam County public records may be restricted under specific legal exemptions to protect privacy, public safety, or the integrity of legal proceedings. The following categories are commonly subject to restrictions, along with the corresponding legal justifications:- Juvenile Court Records
Records involving minors under 18 years old are protected under Ohio Revised Code (ORC) 2151.352 to safeguard their privacy and rehabilitative interests. Exemptions include court files, social services reports, and identifying information in cases involving delinquency, dependency, or child custody disputes. - Active Criminal Investigations
Law enforcement records related to ongoing investigations are restricted under ORC 149.43(A)(3) to prevent interference with judicial proceedings or endangering witnesses. This includes police reports, evidence logs, and confidential informant details until charges are filed or investigations conclude. - Medical and Mental Health Records
Health information is protected under HIPAA (45 CFR Parts 160, 162, 164) and Ohio’s Medical Records Confidentiality Act (ORC 3701.28). Records held by hospitals, clinics, or mental health providers may only be disclosed with patient authorization or under limited legal exceptions (e.g., court orders, public health emergencies). - Adoption and Foster Care Files
Records related to adoption proceedings or foster care placements are exempt under ORC 3107.04 to preserve the confidentiality of biological parents, adoptive families, and children in care. - Trade Secrets and Proprietary Business Information
Confidential business records, such as financial data or proprietary processes, may be withheld under ORC 149.43(A)(4) if disclosure would cause substantial harm to the entity’s competitive position. - Law Enforcement Officer Identities
Identifying information about undercover officers or confidential sources is protected under ORC 149.43(A)(3) to ensure the safety and effectiveness of investigations. - Personal Financial and Tax Records
Records containing Social Security numbers, bank account details, or tax filings are restricted under ORC 149.43(A)(1) to prevent identity theft or fraud.
Process for Appealing a Denied Public Records Request
If a request for public records is denied by the Putnam County Clerk’s Office or another custodian, requesters may appeal the decision through a structured administrative process. The following steps outline the procedure, including deadlines and required documentation:
Appeal Deadline: Requesters must submit an appeal within 10 business days of receiving the denial notice, as required by ORC 149.43(G).
- Step 1: Submit a Written Appeal
The appeal must be filed in writing with the Putnam County Clerk’s Office or the agency that issued the denial. Include:
- A clear statement of the denial received.
- Specific reasons why the denial should be overturned, citing relevant laws or exceptions.
- Any additional evidence or documentation supporting the appeal (e.g., legal precedents, corrected request wording).
- Step 2: Review by the Custodian or Designated Officer
The custodian or a designated officer (e.g., the Putnam County Prosecutor’s Office for law enforcement records) will review the appeal. If the appeal is denied again, the requester may escalate to the Ohio Attorney General’s Public Records Office. - Step 3: Escalation to the Ohio Attorney General
Submit a formal complaint to the Ohio Attorney General’s Public Records Office within 30 days of the final denial. Include:
- Copies of the original request and denial notices.
- A detailed explanation of the legal basis for the appeal (e.g., misapplication of an exemption).
- Contact information for the requester.
Contact Information:
Ohio Attorney General’s Public Records Office
30 East Broad Street, 14th Floor
Columbus, OH 43266-0518
Email: [Public.Records@OhioAG.gov](mailto:Public.Records@OhioAG.gov)
Phone: (614) 466-4980
- Step 4: Legal Remedies
If the Attorney General’s office upholds the denial, requesters may pursue further action through:
- Mandamus proceedings in the Putnam County Court of Common Pleas to compel disclosure.
- Civil litigation under ORC 2721.03, though this is a last resort due to associated costs and delays.
When disclosing public records, custodians must redact sensitive personal information to comply with ORC 149.43(A)(1) and HIPAA. Below are guidelines and examples for proper redaction, focusing on common identifiers:
Redaction Principles:
- Remove or obscure direct identifiers (e.g., names, addresses, phone numbers).
- Replace indirect identifiers (e.g., dates of birth, Social Security numbers) with generic placeholders.
- Ensure redacted records remain usable for their intended public purpose (e.g., transparency, research).
Example 1: Social Security Number (SSN) in a Property Tax Record
- Before Redaction:
Taxpayer Name: John Doe
SSN: 123-45-6789
Property Address: 123 Main St, Ottawa, OH 45661 - After Redaction: Taxpayer Name: [REDACTED]
SSN: XXX-XX-6789 (last 4 digits only, per ORC 149.43(A)(1))
Property Address: 123 [REDACTED] St, Ottawa, OH 45661 Example 2: Medical Record Disclosure Under HIPAA
- Before Redaction:
Patient: Jane Smith
Diagnosis: Diabetes Type 2
Treatment Plan: Insulin 10 units daily
Prescriber: Dr. Emily Johnson, MD - After Redaction: Patient: [REDACTED]
Diagnosis: [REDACTED]
Treatment Plan: [REDACTED]
Prescriber: [REDACTED], MD Note: Under HIPAA, only the minimum necessary information may be disclosed, often requiring patient authorization. Example 3: Juvenile Court File
- Before Redaction:
Case #: 2023-J-0012
Minor: Alex Brown (16)
Offense: Theft
Address: 456 Oak Ave, Ottawa, OH - After Redaction: Case #: 2023-J-0012
Minor: [AGE REDACTED]
Offense: [REDACTED]
Address: [REDACTED] Note: Per ORC 2151.352, all identifying details of minors must be removed.
Best Practices for Protecting Sensitive Data
Handling sensitive public records requires adherence to data protection laws and internal security protocols to mitigate risks such as identity theft, privacy breaches, or legal liabilities. The following practices ensure compliance with Ohio law, HIPAA, and GDPR (if applicable to third-party data):- Secure Storage and Access Controls
- Store records in locked physical cabinets or encrypted digital drives with access limited to authorized personnel.
- Use role-based access in digital systems (e.g., only custodians or legal staff can view restricted records).
- Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for online portals handling sensitive data.
- Documentation and Audit Trails
- Maintain logs of all record requests, disclosures, and access attempts for 7 years (as required by ORC 149.43).
- Track redaction activities to ensure consistency and accountability
Mastering Putnam County’s public records system transforms complex administrative processes into clear, actionable steps, ensuring equitable access to essential documentation. From leveraging online tools to optimize search efficiency to navigating in-person procedures with prepared templates, this guide equips users with the knowledge to retrieve records promptly while adhering to legal and ethical standards. By understanding fee structures, appealing restrictions, and safeguarding sensitive data, stakeholders can uphold transparency without compromising privacy. Whether for genealogical research, legal proceedings, or civic engagement, this resource serves as a comprehensive roadmap to harnessing public records effectively in Putnam County.
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