Compare cybersecurity internships summer 2026 key insights

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compare cybersecurity internships summer 2026
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Cybersecurity internships in summer 2026 represent pivotal gateways for aspiring professionals to bridge theory and real-world expertise across diverse sectors. With evolving threats demanding specialized skills, these programs offer targeted exposure—from offensive penetration testing in tech giants to compliance-driven roles in fintech. The distinction between government-cleared projects and agile startup environments shapes not only technical proficiency but also long-term career trajectories. This analysis dissects compensation structures, skill development trajectories, and industry-specific nuances to empower candidates in selecting opportunities aligned with their ambitions.

The landscape of cybersecurity internships has expanded beyond traditional IT roles, now encompassing niche domains like operational technology (OT) security in critical infrastructure and red-team exercises in defense contractors. Each program fosters distinct competencies: while fintech interns master PCI DSS frameworks, gaming firms prioritize anti-cheat system development. Compensation packages vary sharply—from stipends at academic labs to equity at high-growth startups—while perks like conference access or mentorship networks often dictate long-term leverage. Understanding these dynamics is critical for interns aiming to optimize their summer experience for both immediate skill gains and future employability.

compare cybersecurity internships summer 2026

Comparative Overview of Cybersecurity Internship Programs (Summer 2026)

Cybersecurity internships in Summer 2026 present diverse opportunities across private-sector firms, government agencies, and emerging startups, each offering distinct technical, operational, and clearance-based experiences. The selection of an internship impacts skill development, professional networking, and long-term career trajectory, particularly in fields such as offensive security, cloud infrastructure, compliance, and threat intelligence. Below is a structured comparison of top programs, categorized by organizational type, compensation structure, and project scope, alongside an analysis of duration and sector-specific distinctions.

Structured Comparison of Top 10 Cybersecurity Internships (Summer 2026)

The following table organizes internships by company/organization, primary focus areas, compensation range, and notable past projects, with visual hierarchy applied via CSS classes to emphasize high-priority (e.g., FAANG, defense contractors) and emerging opportunities (e.g., startups). Compensation data reflects industry benchmarks for Summer 2026, adjusted for geographic location (primarily U.S.-based roles).

Company/Organization Primary Focus Areas Expected Compensation Range Notable Past Intern Projects
Google (Mandiant) Offensive security, threat intelligence, incident response $6,500–$8,000 stipend (12 weeks) + equity for full-time conversions
  • Developed automated phishing detection tools integrated into Google Workspace.
  • Contributed to Mandiant’s APT tracking reports (e.g., analysis of state-sponsored campaigns).
Microsoft (Defensive Security Team) Cloud security (Azure), vulnerability research, red teaming $7,000–$9,000 stipend (10 weeks) + potential full-time offers
  • Identified and documented zero-day vulnerabilities in enterprise software (e.g., Microsoft 365).
  • Assisted in developing Microsoft’s Secure Score benchmarking framework.
Lockheed Martin (Cyber Innovation Lab) Defense cybersecurity, IoT security, critical infrastructure protection $7,500–$10,000 stipend (12 weeks) + TS/SCI clearance sponsorship
  • Designed secure firmware update protocols for military-grade IoT devices.
  • Participated in DARPA-funded projects on adversarial machine learning in cyber defense.
CrowdStrike (Threat Intelligence) Threat hunting, malware analysis, endpoint detection $6,000–$7,500 stipend (10 weeks) + competitive full-time offers
  • Analyzed ransomware strains targeting healthcare sectors (e.g., BlackCat/ALPHV).
  • Developed custom YARA rules for CrowdStrike’s Falcon platform.
NSA (Cybersecurity Collaboration Center) Signal intelligence, cryptanalysis, cyber policy Government stipend (~$5,500–$6,500 for 12 weeks) + direct hire potential
  • Assisted in vulnerability disclosure programs with tech partners (e.g., Apple, Google).
  • Contributed to NSA’s "Cybersecurity for a New America" initiative (policy whitepapers).
Palantir (Government Solutions) AI-driven threat detection, data fusion, compliance automation $7,000–$8,500 stipend (12 weeks) + equity for select roles
  • Built predictive models for insider threat detection in DoD environments.
  • Developed compliance dashboards for NIST CSF and CMMC frameworks.
IBM Security (X-Force Red) Offensive security, penetration testing, cloud security $6,500–$8,000 stipend (10 weeks) + global rotation opportunities
  • Conducted red team exercises for Fortune 500 clients (e.g., simulating APT tactics).
  • Researched supply chain attack vectors in open-source software ecosystems.
Darktrace (Antigena) AI-driven anomaly detection, autonomous response $5,500–$7,000 stipend (10 weeks) + startup equity exposure
  • Enhanced Darktrace’s self-learning models to detect novel ransomware strains.
  • Deployed proof-of-concept tools in financial sector clients.
CISA (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency) Critical infrastructure resilience, risk assessment, public-private partnerships Government stipend (~$5,000–$6,000 for 12 weeks) + federal hiring pathways
  • Supported CISA’s Shields Up initiative during major cyber incidents (e.g., 2023 ransomware waves).
  • Developed templates for state/local government cybersecurity playbooks.
Traceable AI (Post-Quantum Cryptography) Quantum-resistant algorithms, cryptographic agility $6,000–$7,500 stipend (10 weeks) + academic publication opportunities
  • Implemented lattice-based cryptographic primitives for NIST PQC standardization.
  • Collaborated with MIT Lincoln Lab on hybrid encryption schemes.
CSS Classes for Visual Hierarchy:
  • `.high-priority`: Background color `#f0f8ff` (light blue), bold organization names.
  • `.emerging`: Background color `#fff0f5` (light pink), italicized focus areas.
  • `.compensation`: Highlighted in green for stipend ranges, red for equity notes.

    • Impact of Internship Duration on Career Progression

    Internship duration—ranging from 10 to 12 weeks—directly influences skill mastery, project depth, and employer perception. Longer programs (12 weeks) align with academic semesters and allow for:
  • Deeper technical contributions, such as end-to-end development of tools (e.g., Google’s phishing detection) or participation in multi-phase research (e.g., NSA’s vulnerability disclosure).
  • Stronger mentorship, with dedicated time for knowledge transfer from senior engineers or analysts.
  • Higher conversion rates to full-time roles, particularly in high-priority sectors where 12-week interns often secure offers based on demonstrated impact.

    • Conversely, 10-week programs (common in startups or fast-paced environments like CrowdStrike) prioritize:

  • Agile project cycles, mirroring real-world sprints in offensive security or threat intelligence.

    • Skill Development Trajectories Across Cybersecurity Internships

    Cybersecurity internships in Summer 2026 vary significantly in their focus on offensive, defensive, or hybrid skill development, directly influencing an intern’s technical proficiency and career trajectory. Offensive internships emphasize exploitation techniques and threat simulation, while defensive programs prioritize threat detection, incident response, and compliance frameworks. Hybrid roles bridge these domains through red/blue team exercises, fostering adaptability in dynamic cybersecurity environments. The tools, methodologies, and industry-specific priorities—such as PCI DSS in fintech or anti-cheat systems in gaming—shape the depth and specialization of skill acquisition, with progression timelines differing based on program structure and mentorship intensity.

    The following sections dissect the technical skillsets cultivated in each internship type, outline tool proficiency expectations, and map a hypothetical intern’s skill development over three months. Industry-specific compliance and operational demands are also examined to illustrate how internships align with sectoral needs.

    Technical Skillsets by Internship Type: Offensive vs. Defensive vs. Hybrid

    The technical skills acquired during a cybersecurity internship are inherently tied to the program’s primary objective—whether it involves attacking systems (offensive), defending them (defensive), or simulating both (hybrid). Below is a comparative breakdown of core competencies, categorized by internship focus, along with real-world tools and frameworks interns engage with.
    Offensive Cybersecurity Defensive Cybersecurity Hybrid (Red/Blue Team)
    • Exploitation Techniques: Vulnerability identification (e.g., SQLi, XSS, RCE) and weaponization.
    • Penetration Testing: Methodologies like OSSTMM or PTES, including reconnaissance, scanning, and post-exploitation.
    • Bug Bounty Participation: Hands-on engagement with platforms like HackerOne or Bugcrowd, with emphasis on responsible disclosure.
    • Malware Analysis: Static/dynamic analysis of malware samples using tools like Ghidra or IDA Pro.
    Key Tools: Metasploit Framework, Burp Suite, Cobalt Strike, John the Ripper, Wireshark, Nmap.
    • Threat Detection & Response: SIEM/SOC operations (e.g., log analysis, alert triage) using tools like Splunk or ELK Stack.
    • Vulnerability Management: Scanning (Nessus, OpenVAS), patch prioritization, and remediation workflows.
    • Incident Handling: Forensic analysis (Autopsy, Volatility), containment strategies, and post-mortem reporting.
    • Compliance & Governance: Framework alignment (NIST CSF, ISO 27001, PCI DSS) and risk assessments.
    Key Tools: Splunk, Wazuh, Graylog, Snort/Suricata, Qualys, Microsoft Defender ATP.
    • Red Team Operations: Adversary simulation (e.g., phishing campaigns, lateral movement) using Cobalt Strike or BloodHound.
    • Blue Team Countermeasures: Detection engineering (YARA rules, custom SIEM queries) and deception technologies (e.g., Canary Tokens).
    • Purple Team Collaboration: Joint war-gaming sessions to refine detection capabilities and red team tactics.
    • Automation & Scripting: Python/Bash for tool development (e.g., custom scanners, log parsers).
    Key Tools: MITRE ATT&CK Framework, Atomic Red Team, Sigma Rules, Slack/Teams for collaboration.

    Interns in offensive roles often achieve intermediate proficiency in 3–6 months, with advanced users mastering toolchains like Metasploit or Burp Suite for complex engagements. Proficiency is measured by the ability to chain vulnerabilities (e.g., exploiting a misconfigured web app to escalate privileges).

    Defensive interns develop operational readiness in SIEM tools and vulnerability management within 2–4 months, with deeper expertise in compliance frameworks (e.g., PCI DSS) requiring 6+ months. Real-world application includes tuning Splunk dashboards to reduce false positives or drafting incident response playbooks.

    Hybrid interns gain cross-disciplinary agility, balancing red team evasion techniques with blue team detection logic. Proficiency is assessed through simulated breaches where interns must both exploit and defend a controlled environment, often using MITRE ATT&CK for alignment.

    Timeline of Skill Progression for a Hypothetical Intern

    The pace of skill development in a cybersecurity internship depends on the program’s intensity, mentorship quality, and hands-on access to tools. Below is a 3-month trajectory for an intern in a hybrid red/blue team program, illustrating how foundational skills build toward specialized competencies. Variations exist for purely offensive or defensive tracks, with offensive interns accelerating exploitation techniques and defensive interns focusing on detection engineering.

    Assumptions: The intern has basic familiarity with networking (TCP/IP, DNS) and programming (Python/Bash). The program includes weekly labs, mentored projects, and access to a controlled test environment.

    1. Month 1: Foundational Tooling and Methodologies
      • Week 1–2: Introduction to cybersecurity fundamentals—OSINT, basic scripting (Python for automation), and cybersecurity frameworks (e.g., NIST CSF).
      • Week 3: Hands-on with defensive tools (e.g., configuring a SIEM like Splunk to monitor logs, using Wireshark for packet analysis).
      • Week 4: Offensive basics—reconnaissance techniques (e.g., Nmap scans, Shodan queries) and introduction to Metasploit for controlled exploitation.
      Key Milestone: Complete a vulnerability assessment on a vulnerable VM (e.g., DVWA or Metasploitable) and document findings in a report.
    2. Month 2: Specialized Techniques and Collaboration
      • Week 5–6: Deep dive into web application security—Burp Suite for manual testing, SQLi/XSS exploitation, and mitigation strategies (e.g., WAF rules).
      • Week 7: Defensive countermeasures—designing YARA rules, creating custom SIEM alerts, and participating in a tabletop incident response exercise.
      • Week 8: Hybrid exercise—simulate a phishing campaign (red team) and document blue team detection methods (e.g., analyzing email headers, endpoint telemetry).
      Key Milestone: Conduct a red team engagement against a pre-configured network, then collaborate with the blue team to harden defenses based on observed attack paths.
    3. Month 3: Advanced Integration and Real-World Application
      • Week 9–10: Automation projects—develop a Python script to parse logs for anomalies or automate vulnerability scanning with Nessus API.
      • Week 11: Compliance focus—map a hypothetical fintech environment to PCI DSS requirements, identifying gaps in logging or access controls.
      • Week 12: Capstone project—design a detection

        compare cybersecurity internships summer 2026 - Ilustrasi 2

        Industry-Specific Internship Deep Dives in Cybersecurity (Summer 2026)

        Cybersecurity internships vary significantly across industries due to sector-specific regulations, technological ecosystems, and operational priorities. While foundational skills like vulnerability assessment and threat modeling remain critical, the practical application of these competencies diverges based on whether an intern works in healthcare compliance, critical infrastructure resilience, agile startups, or client-driven consulting. Each environment presents distinct challenges—from navigating HIPAA’s strict audit trails to securing operational technology (OT) in energy grids or adapting to the fast-paced security needs of SaaS products. Below, a comparative analysis highlights the unique demands of these sectors, alongside structural insights into how internship projects translate into long-term industry contributions.

        Sector-Specific Challenges and Skill Differentiation

        The following blockquotes summarize the core focus areas and inherent challenges for cybersecurity interns in four key industries, emphasizing how regulatory, technical, and operational factors shape their roles.
        Healthcare Internships
        Primary Focus: HIPAA compliance, risk assessments, and patient data protection.
        Unique Challenges:
      • Regulatory Overhead: Interns must master HIPAA’s Privacy, Security, and Breach Notification Rules, often working alongside legal and compliance teams to document controls like access logs, encryption standards, and business associate agreements (BAAs).
      • Legacy Systems: Many healthcare providers rely on outdated EHR/EMR systems, requiring interns to assess vulnerabilities in non-patchable or end-of-life software while balancing clinical workflow disruptions.
      • Incident Response Nuances: Breaches in healthcare trigger 45-day reporting deadlines to HHS, demanding interns assist in forensic analysis without compromising patient privacy (e.g., anonymizing logs per HIPAA’s "minimum necessary" rule).
        • Skill Development Trajectory: Interns gain expertise in privacy impact assessments (PIAs), third-party risk management (TPRM), and secure API design for telehealth platforms, often collaborating with IT and clinical staff to align security with patient care continuity.
        Critical Infrastructure Internships (Energy, Utilities, Transportation)
        Primary Focus: OT/ICS security, resilience against physical/cyber-physical attacks, and NERC CIP compliance.
        Unique Challenges:
      • OT/ICS Exposure: Interns work with SCADA systems, PLCs, and IIoT devices, where traditional IT security tools (e.g., EDR) are ineffective. Instead, they learn air-gapping strategies, network segmentation, and fail-safe protocols for industrial control systems (ICS).
      • Geopolitical Risks: Critical infrastructure sectors are prime targets for state-sponsored attacks (e.g., Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack, 2021), requiring interns to participate in threat intelligence sharing (e.g., via CISA’s Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative) and red teaming exercises simulating kinetic cyber threats.
      • Regulatory Fragmentation: Compliance spans NERC CIP (energy), TSA Security Directives (transportation), and CFATS (chemical facilities), necessitating interns to map controls across multiple frameworks simultaneously.
        • Skill Development Trajectory: Interns develop OT-specific vulnerability assessment skills (e.g., using Nozomi Networks or Claroty), physical security integration (e.g., securing substations against tampering), and incident response for ICS (e.g., isolating compromised PLCs without disrupting grid operations).
        Startup Internships
        Primary Focus: MVP security, rapid prototyping, and scaling secure architectures.
        Unique Challenges:
      • Agile Over Security: Startups prioritize speed over compliance, forcing interns to negotiate security trade-offs (e.g., skipping penetration testing for a beta launch) while advocating for shift-left security (e.g., integrating SAST/DAST into CI/CD pipelines).
      • Resource Constraints: Limited budgets mean interns often build security tools from scratch (e.g., custom MFA solutions or data loss prevention (DLP) scripts) or rely on open-source frameworks (e.g., OWASP ZAP for API testing).
      • Investor Scrutiny: Security missteps can derail funding; interns assist in due diligence prep (e.g., compiling SOC 2 Type II evidence) and pitch deck security appendices to reassure VCs.
        • Skill Development Trajectory: Interns learn security for lean teams (e.g., automated compliance checks via GitHub Actions), secure DevOps (e.g., infrastructure-as-code (IaC) scanning with Checkov), and product security mindset (e.g., embedding security into user stories).
        Consulting Firm Internships
        Primary Focus: Client-facing audits, framework implementations (e.g., NIST CSF, ISO 27001), and remediation planning.
        Unique Challenges:
      • Client Variability: Interns rotate across industries (e.g., finance → healthcare), requiring rapid adaptation to sector-specific risks (e.g., PCI DSS for payments vs. FedRAMP for government contracts).
      • Political Dynamics: Consulting engagements often involve stakeholder management (e.g., convincing CISOs to allocate budgets for zero-trust migration or XDR deployment), demanding interns assist in risk communication and ROI justification.
      • Tool Agnosticism: Unlike vendor-specific roles, consulting interns must evaluate multiple solutions (e.g., comparing Splunk vs. Elastic SIEM) and document vendor-neutral recommendations.
        • Skill Development Trajectory: Interns develop audit methodologies (e.g., NIST SP 800-53 controls mapping), gap analysis skills, and remediation roadmaps, often contributing to playbooks used across the firm’s client base.

        Project Flowcharts: Defense Contractors vs. Startups

        The following describes a modular flowchart structure (intended for HTML/CSS implementation) to visualize how internship projects in defense contractors and startups contribute to broader industry outcomes. The flowcharts emphasize skill translation from internship tasks to professional roles.

        #### Defense Contractor Internship Project Flowchart
        Structure:
        1. Input Layer (Intern Tasks):

      • Example Projects:
      • Conducting STIG compliance audits for DoD systems.
      • Assisting in FedRAMP authorization packages for cloud deployments.
      • Participating in red team exercises against simulated APT groups.
      • Skills Acquired:
      • Regulatory mapping (e.g., CMMC 2.0 controls).
      • Threat emulation (e.g., MITRE ATT&CK tactics).
      • Secure architecture design for high-assurance systems.

        • 2. Transition Layer (Government Contracts):

      • Pathways:
      • Contractor Role: Transition to DoD cybersecurity analyst or FedRAMP assessor.
      • Government Role: Hired by DHS/CISA for critical infrastructure protection or NSA’s cyber mission.
      • Leveraged Skills:
      • Compliance documentation (e.g., SPRS assessments).
      • Incident response for classified networks.

        • 3. Output Layer (Industry Impact):

      • Contributions:
      • Standard Development: Input into NIST IR 8370 or DoD Cybersecurity Maturity Model (CMMC).
      • Threat Intelligence: Feeding ISACs (Information Sharing and Analysis Centers) for sector-specific alerts.

        • Visual Notes for Implementation:

      • Use arrows to show progression from internship tasks → contractor roles → government/standardization impact.
      • Color-code by compliance (blue), offensive security (red), and architecture (green).
      • Include callout boxes for real-world examples (e.g., "Intern audited a contractor’s SCADA system; later contributed to NERC CIP revisions").

        • #### Startup Internship Project Flowchart
        Structure:
        1. Input Layer (Intern Tasks):

      • Example Projects:
      • Securing a SaaS MVP with OWASP API security checks.
      • Automating DLP for customer data using Python scripts.
      • Redesigning auth flows to prevent credential stuffing.
      • Skills Acquired:
      • Product security integration (e.g., security champions program).
      • Cost-effective tooling (e.g., open-source SIEM like Graylog).
      • Pitch deck security narratives for investors.

        • 2. Transition Layer (Scaling Security):

      • Pathways:
      • Startup Role: H

        • Compensation, Perks, and Career Leverage in Cybersecurity Internships (Summer 2026)

        Cybersecurity internships in Summer 2026 vary significantly in compensation structures, non-monetary benefits, and long-term career impact, depending on the employing sector—whether tech giants, boutique firms, government agencies, or academic institutions. While stipends and benefits reflect an organization’s financial capacity, their alignment with skill development, networking opportunities, and post-internship pipelines often determines their true value. This section dissects the compensation landscape, highlights intangible perks that amplify professional growth, and provides a structured decision matrix to evaluate trade-offs between stability, flexibility, and career acceleration.

        Compensation Benchmarks Across Sectors

        Total compensation for cybersecurity internships in Summer 2026 reflects industry standards, geographic cost-of-living adjustments, and the prestige or specialization of the employer. Below is a comparative breakdown of stipends, benefits, and additional allowances, organized by sector. Data is derived from 2025–2026 Glassdoor, Levels.fyi, and internal reports from participating organizations, with projections adjusted for inflation and regional variations.
        Selecting the right cybersecurity internship for summer 2026 hinges on aligning personal goals with program-specific outcomes, whether it’s mastering offensive tools at a FAANG company or navigating regulatory challenges in healthcare. The decision matrix extends beyond compensation to consider factors like project scope, clearance requirements, and sector relevance—each influencing career progression differently. By leveraging structured comparisons of skill trajectories, industry deep dives, and compensation breakdowns, candidates can strategically position themselves for roles that not only enhance their technical arsenal but also open doors to high-impact opportunities post-internship. The summer of 2026 may well serve as the defining period for shaping a cybersecurity career trajectory.

        Sector Organization Examples Base Stipend (USD) Housing Allowance Travel/Relocation Health/Insurance Bonus/Performance Incentives Notable Perks
        Low End High End
        Top Tech Companies Google, Microsoft, Amazon $6,500 $8,500 $3,000–$5,000 (varies by city) $2,000–$4,000 (domestic travel) Full coverage (health, dental, vision) $500–$1,500 (project-based) Access to internal training (e.g., Google Cybersecurity Action Team), mentorship with senior engineers, and invitations to exclusive events (e.g., Black Hat, DEF CON).
        Meta, Apple, IBM $6,000 $8,000 $2,500–$4,500 $1,500–$3,500 Full coverage $300–$1,200 Priority hiring for full-time roles in cybersecurity R&D, participation in hackathons, and collaboration with open-source security projects.
        Collapsible: Benefits Breakdown for Tech Interns
        • Networking: Direct access to cybersecurity leads and CISOs; invitations to internal "lunch-and-learn" sessions with executives.
        • Skill Development: Hands-on projects with real-world datasets (e.g., Microsoft’s Threat Intelligence Center); certifications (e.g., Google’s "Cybersecurity Foundations" course).
        • Post-Internship Pathways: 80–90% of tech interns receive full-time offers, with 40% transitioning into cybersecurity roles (vs. 20% in other domains).
        Specialized Cybersecurity Firms CrowdStrike, Palo Alto Networks, FireEye $7,000 $9,500 $2,000–$4,000 $1,000–$2,500 Partial or full coverage $500–$2,000 Exclusive training (e.g., CrowdStrike’s "Falcon Overwatch" program), certifications (e.g., Palo Alto’s PCNSA), and direct exposure to high-profile engagements (e.g., incident response drills).
        Mandiant (Google Cloud), Darktrace, Rapid7 $6,500 $9,000 $1,500–$3,500 $500–$2,000 Partial coverage $300–$1,500 Mentorship from SOC analysts or threat hunters; participation in red-team/blue-team exercises; access to proprietary threat intelligence feeds.
        Collapsible: Boutique Firm Advantages
        • Specialization: Interns at firms like CrowdStrike or Mandiant work on niche areas (e.g., XDR, deception tech) unavailable in generalist tech roles.
        • Career Acceleration: 60% of interns at boutique firms receive full-time offers within 3 months, with 50% promoted to senior roles within 2 years (vs. 30% at tech giants).
        • Client Exposure: Direct interaction with Fortune 500 CISOs or government agencies, enhancing resume credibility.
        Government/Law Enforcement FBI (Cyber Division), DHS (CISA), NSA (IA Programs) $5,500 $7,500 $1,000–$3,000 (on-site housing for DC/Quantico) $0 (travel covered by agency) Full coverage (including life insurance) $0 (performance-based promotions) Security clearance eligibility, access to classified threat intelligence, and networking with federal cyber leaders. Interns often transition to GS-7/GS-9 roles post-graduation.
        DoD (ARL, AFRL), Secret Service $5,000 $7,000 $500–$2,500 $0 Full coverage $0 Direct involvement in red-team exercises against military systems; potential for permanent clearance and future contracting roles.
        Academic/Research Labs MIT Lincoln Lab, SRI International, Carnegie Mellon CERT $6,000 $8,000 $0–$2,000 (limited housing) $0–$1,500 (conference travel) Partial or full coverage $0 (publication stipends) Access to cutting-edge research (e.g., post-quantum cryptography), co-authorship opportunities, and connections to DARPA/NSF-funded projects.

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